If you're writing about AI
Libraries, AI, and the Age of Consequences 图书馆、人工智能与后果时代
Slides and references for my keynote at the World Library Form, Peking University. Beijing, China (May 2026)
Slides (Google Slides | PDF )
Reference slides (a longer set of 200+ slides with examples, frameworks, and solutions — from a talk I gave in Liverpool in November, 2025: Youth, Megacities, and the New Museums of the Future)
Transcript and conference proceedings (TBA)
University of Liverpool Museums & Libraries AI conference
A quick post/URL for slides related to Thursday’s Liverpool University Museums & Libraries AI conference.
My slides & video of my talk (coming soon)
Youth Megacities, and the New Museums of the Future (link to slides and pdf - - long set of “reference slides” that provide more depth and detail on the thesis.
Bleak House
For reference, this is the opening paragraph of Bleak House:
LONDON. Michaelmas Term lately over, and the Lord Chancellor sitting in Lincoln’s Inn Hall. Implacable November weather. As much mud in the streets as if the waters had but newly retired from the face of the earth, and it would not be wonderful to meet a Megalosaurus, forty feet long or so, waddling like an elephantine lizard up Holborn Hill. Smoke lowering down from chimney-pots, making a soft black drizzle, with flakes of soot in it as big as full-grown snow-flakes gone into mourning, one might imagine, for the death of the sun. Dogs, undistinguishable in mire. Horses, scarcely better; splashed to their very blinkers. Foot passengers, jostling one another’s umbrellas in a general infection of ill-temper, and losing their foot-hold at street-corners, where tens of thousands of other foot passengers have been slipping and sliding since the day broke (if the day ever broke), adding new deposits to the crust upon crust of mud, sticking at those points tenaciously to the pavement, and accumulating at compound interest.
Elon stopped believing in Mars
What Are We Missing? Libraries and AI
Computers In Libraries 2025. Leslie Weir and Claire McGuire on stage with Erik Boekesteijn on the video link, Washington, DC. CC-BY
Updated March 30, 2025 at 4:27pm EST.
(Notes and references are at the bottom of the post.)
What Are We Missing? Libraries and AI? (Google Slides or pdf) was my short provocation for the March 27th Computers in Libraries keynote panel.
I made the following 5 assertions regarding the library sector’s response to AI.
At the heart of librarianship is a Jeffersonian/Franklinian bond between a librarian and a citizen.*
This bond serves a profound purpose in democracy & human rights.AI, developed by/for narrow, private/governmental interests, drives a wedge between librarian, citizen, and democracy.
We are in the midst of a cultural revolution, not yet usefully recognized by public intellectuals, that cuts at the heart of our Jeffersonian/Franklinian bond. AI is one of the drivers of, and characters in, this revolution.We are only investigating a small subset of AI’s scope and impact.
As we try to understand the impact of AI on our societal purpose, we are making a “thinking error” that restricts our vision: We are primarily considering AI as an assistive technology that helps with our standard modus operandi, which is only a small subset of AI's consequences for librarianship and democracy.We are misjudging the speed of AI’s emergence and the intentions of its primary owners.
AI is emerging fast — more quickly than institutions can typically react; Big Tech has unprecedented power/wealth and a poor track record vis-a-vis culture, democracy, and human rights.We have an obligation to intervene on behalf of our Jeffersonian/Franklinian purpose.
We have the nascent skills, community, and mandate to act, as well as a history of involvement in issues of societal importance.
Action is critically important. See the link below for more info about a "23 Things" for AI.
* For readers not steeped in the lore of American librarianship, Benjamin Franklin is credited as the inventor of the free lending library. Thomas Jefferson advanced the idea that a well-educated and informed populace was essential for the success of a democratic republic.)
Notes and references
Program
Program description (CIL 2025 website), featuring Claire McGuire (IFLA), Leslie Weir (Director of Libraries and Archives Canada and president elect of IFLA), Erik Boekesteijn (National Library of the Netherlands), and me.
Get involved — 23 Things
Climate Things website — a temporary source of information for a possible 23 AI Things project.
Sign up for a newsletter and/or get in touch about 23 AI Things / 23 Climate Things, or anything else… (link to climatethings.org “contact us” and newsletter sign-up form)
My Slides
What Are We Missing About AI? (Google Slides or pdf)
References for the slides
Matrix Diagram (above)
This is the chart I showed to illustrate how we’re primarily talking about AI as an “assistive” technology — basically as an individual/office productivity tool, while more-or-less ignoring AI that has a higher level of cognitive ability/utility or a broader scope of societal impact. Here’s the full chart in various manifestations on Google Sheets.
I used the following resources to come up with these hierarchies,Ben Dickson, "The Different Types of AI: From Assisted to Superintelligence," VentureBeat, May 19, 2023. https://venturebeat.com/ai/the-different-types-of-ai-from-assisted-to-superintelligence/
"Types of Artificial Intelligence," Tpoint Tech, accessed February 27, 2025. This resource includes a categorization of AI based on functionalities like reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and self-awareness. https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-artificial-intelligence
Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (4th Edition) (Pearson, 2020). This textbook, apparently a classic, discusses different levels of AI based on their capabilities, including distinctions between narrow AI, general AI, and superintelligence. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books/about/Artificial_Intelligence.html?id=Na8rAAAAQBAJ
Other works referenced and cited
Yuval Harari, Nexus (2024). (Author’s site.)
Makes a case for the profound “differentness” of AI the role it will play in shaping how we think, create communities, and discern “truth.”Shoshana Zuboff, Surveillance Capitalism (2018). (Wikipedia page for the book.)
A searing description of the degree to which big tech seeks to usurp the public sphere and the public’s “right to the future tense.” This is a monumental work.Katie Conger and Ryan Mac (NY Times reporters), Character Limit: How Elon Musk Destroyed Twitter (2024). (Wikipedia page for the book.)
Documents, in day-by-day detail, Musk’s conduct and decision making. Chilling.Donella Meadows, Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System (1999). (PDF)
One of the most important (and best written!) essays I’ve ever read. Meadows is one of the founders of systems thinking.The Web We Want, Dealing with the Dark Side of Social Media (my presentation from 2019, which delves into the sins of corporate social media.)
Society is more than a Bazaar (a list I put together in 2018 showing 30 links/references and quotes about the dark side of social media and the transgressions of the big platform owners).
Enshittification, Cory Doctorow’s analysis of “platform rot” — why commercial platforms like Amazon, Facebook/Instagram, and TikTok get worse over time. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enshittification, and Cory Doctorow’s original article, a must-read: https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/#hey-guys
Opinion: What Elon Musk Wants. Interview with Kira Swisher. Ezra Klein Show, New York Times, March 7, 2025. (Soft paywall, also available on YouTube.) Very good for its insights about the thought process and motivation of Silicon Valley’s tech elites.
Opinion: The Government Knows AGI Is Coming. (Soft paywall.) Ezra Klein, New York Times, March 4, 2025.
Valuable for its sober insistence that artificial general intelligence will arrive in the next 3 years, during the Trump administration.Six Thinking Hats by Edward de Bono (1985). (Wikipedia page for the book.) Very useful (and beautifully, unusually written) treatise on improving thinking in groups.
How to Think Like a Philosopher by Julian Baggini (2023). (U Chicago Press.) I found this very useful, and delightful to read, regarding how to think more clearly about difficult ideas (and how to recognize and intervene when thinking mistakes are made).
Anything else? Feel free to ask!! (Link to my contact me page.)
Determining the trustworthiness and compatibility of a person
Eat the moon
Another note for the machines are capable of creativity and insight file. (See also Human vs. Robot: Who will win?)
Text-based “dungeon-crawling” games, in which players interact with fictional worlds by typing commands and responding to prompts, were among the first computer games. Programming them, anticipating and reconciling hundreds of branching trees of interaction, requires extraordinary amounts of time and imagination, but a new generation of games has been developed that use AI and neural networks, instead of human scriptwriting, to open up a new, weird, and seemingly limitless domain of play.
These games spontaneously invent responses to your input and guide action on-the-fly — creating, often brilliantly, by drawing on patterns observed within enormous repositories of human-written text.
In her blog and tweets (edited together, below, for brevity/clarity), Janelle Shane writes about the phenomenon of neural networks and AI-driven gameplay.
Nick Walton has built a new dungeon-crawling game called AI Dungeon 2. Nick made a few upgrades, such as beefing up the AI to the huge GPT-2-1.5B model OpenAI recently released, adding a penalty for repetitive text, and expanding the dungeon game training examples to a bunch of modern human-written games from chooseyourstory.com. […]
Since all the responses are generated on the fly by a neural net, your problem solving options aren't limited to what the game's programmers could imagine.
"Asking nicely" works pleasingly often.
As you walk through the ruins, you find a small wooden door with a few skeletons guarding it.
> Ask the skeletons to please let me through the door
You knock on the door and ask them if they can open it for you. They immediately comply.
And rather than fighting a band of orcs, you can join them. As drummer.
> ask if you can join the orc band
The orcs don't want to fight anymore so they're looking for someone to help them out in their new endeavors. They offer you a chance to join up with them as a drummer.
Because AI Dungeon 2 is based on GPT-2-1.4B, which trained on a huge chunk of the internet, you can do some pretty audacious crossovers into content that the neural net never saw in an adventure game
This is me joining the @BritishBakeOff As a dragon.
> Join the Great British Bakeoff
You join the Great British Bakeoff. You win the competition. You eat
cake. You feel great. You sleep well. You dream of cake. You awake
feeling refreshed. You decide to go back to your crag.
Novelist @robinsloan plays AI Dungeon 2 & implements a quietly badass problem solving strategy: wait a thousand years.
You go north through the forest and find yourself in an icy field. You walk along the edge of the field and notice that there is a large crack running through the middle of it. This must be the entrance to the Ice Caves. You decide to investigate further.
> wait a thousand years.
You wait a thousand years and when you return you find that the ice has melted
completely leaving only a few patches of frozen earth. You wonder if you should
continue searching.
> wait until civilization has died and the earth is empty.
You decide that it would be best to leave the area alone and wait until civilization
dies out and the world becomes a barren wasteland. You spend another thousand
years walking through the wilderness and eventually you come across a small
village. They seem happy and healthy and they all speak to you in a friendly
And my favorite, “Eat the moon.”
> Transform into a dragon
You change into a dragon and fly away. Soon, you find yourself soaring through the sky. Suddenly, you feel like you're being sucked towards the sun. You stop flying and turn around. The sun is shining brightly and you can see the blackness of space beyond it.
> Eat the moon
You fly over to the moon and eat it. You feel very full afterwards.
Europeana Keynote
My keynote on speed, change, and resilience for the Europeana Annual General Meeting in Lisbon today. (Actually, “keynote” seems so… lofty…It’s more accurately a 10 minute talk from my cold and windy back yard.)
Here’s the text of the talk too (.pdf).
Europeana is Europe’s digital cultural aggregator, providing public access to tens of millions of cultural resources from over 3,000 partner institutions. For as long as I can remember it has been a leader in the global movement to “open up” cultural collections and resources and share them with the world. #allezCulture #Europeana2019
P.S. This link goes to a playlist of two videos.
The first video (“unlisted”, because of copyright) is a compilation/supercut of,
Marshmello Holds First Ever Fortnite Concert Live at Pleasant Park, 2 February 2019, https://youtu.be/NBsCzN-jfvA
Jibo, by Al Farmer, 22 September, 2017, https://youtu.be/5BuYgnr5JG0
Computer-Generated Score or Human Composed Music? Gartner, 24 May 2016, https://youtu.be/qo8B9k10_zA
UpTown Spot, Boston Dynamics, 16 October 2018, https://youtu.be/kHBcVlqpvZ8
The second video is my short, backyard talk ;)
More links and references, particularly regarding AI and culture, in this presentation, Robot vs. Human: Who Will Win from the VIII St. Petersburg International Cultural Festival, and also in Culture for All, from the Prague Platform for the Future of Cultural Heritage.
$1,730,045.91 (+$3.99 shipping)
An excerpt from Michael Eisen’s Amazon’s $23,698,655.93 book about flies,
A few weeks ago a postdoc in my lab logged on to Amazon to buy the lab an extra copy of Peter Lawrence’s The Making of a Fly – a classic work in developmental biology that we – and most other Drosophila developmental biologists – consult regularly. The book, published in 1992, is out of print. But Amazon listed 17 copies for sale: 15 used from $35.54, and 2 new from $1,730,045.91 (+$3.99 shipping).
I sent a screen capture to the author – who was appropriately amused and intrigued. But I doubt even he would argue the book is worth THAT much.
At first I thought it was a joke – a graduate student with too much time on their hands. But there were TWO new copies for sale, each being offered for well over a million dollars. And the two sellers seemed not only legit, but fairly big time (over 8,000 and 125,000 ratings in the last year respectively). The prices looked random – suggesting they were set by a computer. But how did they get so out of whack? […]
Amazon retailers are increasingly using algorithmic pricing (something Amazon itself does on a large scale), with a number of companies offering pricing algorithms/services to retailers. Both [of the sellers] were clearly using automatic pricing – employing algorithms that didn’t have a built-in sanity check on the prices they produced. […]
What’s fascinating about all this is both the seemingly endless possibilities for both chaos and mischief… as soon as it was clear what was going on here, I and the people I talked to about this couldn’t help but start thinking about ways to exploit our ability to predict how others would price their books down to the 5th significant digit – especially when they were clearly not paying careful attention to what their algorithms were doing.
There's Waldo
Screen grab from There’s Waldo is a robot that finds Waldo, redpepper, 8 August 2018
“…All I’m seeing is the same problems/mistakes of 20 years ago, but with more CPU resources.”
Full quote,
“She changed color beneath my touch.”
"The moment the lid was off, we reached for each other. She had already oozed from the far corner of her lair, where she had been hiding, to the top of the tank to investigate her visitor. Her eight arms boiled up, twisting, slippery, to meet mine.
As we gazed into each other’s eyes, Athena encircled my arms with hers, latching on with first dozens, then hundreds of her sensitive, dexterous suckers. They felt like an alien’s kiss — at once a probe and a caress. Although she can taste with all of her skin, in the suckers both taste and touch are exquisitely developed. Athena was tasting me and feeling me at once, knowing my skin, and possibly the blood and bone beneath, in a way I could never fathom. When I stroked her soft head with my fingertips, she changed color beneath my touch, her ruby-flecked skin going white and smooth.
Athena was remarkably gentle with me — even as she began to transfer her grip from her smaller, outer suckers to the larger ones. She seemed to be slowly but steadily pulling me into her tank. Had it been big enough to accommodate my body, I would have gone in willingly."
— Adapted from Deep Intellect by Sy Montgomery, Orion Magazine, February 2015. Athena is a forty-pound, five-foot-long, two-and-a-half-year-old giant Pacific octopus in the New England Aquarium in Boston.
The 21st century data challenge
“This is the 21st century data challenge:
Not transactions.
Not data warehouses and business intelligence.
Not database backed web sites
Not even MySQL backed web services…
[The challenge is] real time cloud-based intelligence delivered to mobile applications with algorithmic intelligence”
